Early China: History, Culture, and Archeology – Outlier Linguistics

Learn about Ancient China: history, culture, and archeology

A university-level course on the history of early China, from the origins to about 200 CE

In this online course, you'll learn about the history and culture of early China, and about recent archeological discoveries that are re-shaping our understanding of the period:
• The Neolithic Origins of Chinese culture
• The (mythical?) Xia dynasty
• The Shang and their oracle bones
• The Western Zhou period and their bronzes
• The Spring & Autumn period and the decline of the Zhou
• The Warring States period and the hundred schools of thought
• The earliest empires: the Qin and Han
This course is self-paced, so you can join any time!

Full University-level Online Course, just$299!

★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Rated 4.8/5 by 1000's of Chinese learners

Student Testimonials (previous courses)

Jim
USA

Margreet
Netherlands (living in NZ)

Susan
Taiwan (living in Australia)

Randy
USA (living in China)

Chris
USA (living in Finland)

Anand
India

For History Buffs

Whether you're learning Chinese, or simply interested in Chinese history and culture, this course is for you. It will be taught entirely in English and requires no Chinese language ability. All primary sources will be given in translation.

For Chinese Learners

The period covered in this course is the wellspring of Chinese culture—from the oracle bones of the Shang through Confucius and the Hundred Schools of Thought in the Warring States period, this is fundamental cultural knowledge that will enrich your study of the Chinese language.

Lifetime Access

Lessons will take place over a 16-week period, but like all of our courses, you'll be able to access all of the materials after it's finished. No need to stress about keeping up—you'll be able to go at a slower pace if you want!

Part I: Pre-history and origins

  • Lesson 1: Time, Space, and Language
    • Calendar and Chronology
    • The Environment of Ancient China
    • Language and Writing
    • Archeology topic: What is Archeology?
  • Lesson 2: Neolithic Origins
    • Longshan Cultures
    • Archeology topic: Yaoshan 瑤山 (Liangzhu 良渚 culture)
  • Lesson 3: The (mythical?) Xia Dynasty
    • The Spread of Agriculture and Neolithic Technology
    • Archeology topic: Erlitou 二里頭
  • Lesson 4: The Shang and their culture
    • Shang Divination Procedures
    • Primary Source Reading: Oracle Bone Inscriptions
    • Archeology topic: Yinxu 殷墟 and Bronzes

Part II: The Classical Period

  • Lesson 5: The Western Zhou
    • Western Zhou Bronzes and Historiography
    • Primary Source Reading: Bronze Inscriptions
    • Archeology topic: Western Zhou Bronzes
  • Lesson 6: The Spring & Autumn
    • The Spring and Autumn Period
    • Primary Source Reading: Records of The Grand Historian 《史記》 (excerpts)
    • Archeology topic: The Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng 曾侯乙墓
  • Midterm Exam
  • Lesson 7: The Warring States
    • The Age of the Warrior and the Thinker
    • Primary Source Reading: Strategies of the Warring States  《戰國策》 (excerpts)
    • Archeology topic: Guodian 郭店
  • Lesson 8: The Hundred Schools of Thought
    • The Heritage of Antiquity
    • Primary Source Reading: The Analects of Confucius 《論語》and Laozi's Daodejing 《道德經》 (excerpts)
    • Archeology topic: The Shanghai Museum Bamboo Strip Texts 上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書

Part III: The Early Empires

  • Lesson 9: Qin and the Beginning of Empire
    • A State Organized for War
    • Primary Source Reading: Hanfeizi 《韓非子》 (excerpts)
    • Archeology topic: Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum 秦始皇帝陵, Shuihudi 睡虎地秦簡
  • Lesson 10: The Chu-Han Contention
    • The Conquering Empire
    • Primary Source Reading: “The Battle at Gaixia” 《史記・項羽本紀》
    • Archeology topic: Mawangdui 馬王堆
  • Lesson 11: The Western Han
    • The Rise of the Gentry and the Crisis in Political Institutions
    • Primary Source Reading: Huainanzi 《淮南子》 (excerpts)
    • Archeology topic: The Han Tomb at Mancheng 滿城漢墓
  • Lesson 12: The Eastern Han
    • The Civilization of the Han Age
    • Primary Source Reading: The Book of the Later Han 《後漢書》 (excerpts)
    • Archeology topic: The Wuliang Shrine 武梁祠
  • Final Exam

This course will be taught live, as a combination of lectures and Q&A (though if you can't make it to the live sessions you can watch the recordings later). We'll also hold weekly office hours via Zoom. Exams will be given at the end of each unit, and a passing score at the end earns you a Certificate of Completion, which may serve as fulfillment of prerequisites for future courses!

It's structured like an undergraduate-level history survey course aimed at a general audience. The course will focus on the political, intellectual, and social developments from the Neolithic period through the end of the Han Dynasty (ca. 220 CE). We will pay particularly close attention to recent archeological finds, which have substantially re-shaped our knowledge of the early and classical periods of ancient China.

In each lesson, you'll be assigned a reading from Li Feng's Early China: A Social and Cultural History. Most lessons will also have readings of excerpts from primary sources, such as oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, excerpts (in translation) from Records of the Grand Historian, The Strategies of the Warring States, The Analects of Confucius, The Daodejing, Hanfeizi, and more. Supplementary (optional) readings will also be supplied for those who want to read further. Each lesson will consist of two lectures: one on the social and political developments of the period, and one on important recent archeological discoveries.

Can I go at my own pace? Will I be able to access the course once it's finished?

Yes! We'll do one lesson per week, but once the course is finished, we'll keep everything available online so that you can go through it at your own pace.

How much Chinese do I need to know to take this course?

None! This is not a language course, so it will be taught entirely in English. All readings will be in English, and primary sources will be given in English translation (and in the original Chinese, for those who wish to read the originals).

How long does the course take to complete?

There are 16 lessons, and we'll be doing one lesson per week. The course begins on 7 February and ends on 26 May, 2023.

How much time will it require per lesson?

The main readings from the textbook will be about 30 pages per week. There will be two lectures each week (you can attend live or watch the recording), and each will be about an hour.

We'll also do a live "office hour" session once a week on Zoom, so you can pop in and ask questions if you'd like. There will also be a discussion forum, so if you can't make it to the office hours, you can still get your questions answered.

Will I need anything (apps, etc.) in order to take the course?

Only the main textbook is required, as all other readings will be supplied in PDF form.

- Early China: A Social and Cultural History by Li Feng (required)

However, there are some other books that you may also find interesting and helpful:

- A History of Chinese Civilization (2nd edition) by Jacques Gernet (recommended)
- The Early Chinese Empires by Mark Edward Lewis (recommended)
- Chinese History: A New Manual (Enlarged Sixth Edition) by Endymion Wilkinson (highly recommended; also available in Pleco)
- The Cambridge History of Ancient China Edited by Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy (recommended)
- Sources of Chinese Tradition by Compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary & Irene Bloom (recommended)
- Chinese Society in the Age of Confucius by Lothar von Falkenhausen (recommended)
- The Formation of Chinese Civilization by Kwang-Chih Chang et al (recommended)
- The Archeology of Ancient China by Kwang-Chih Chang (recommended)
- 顧頡剛《中國上古史研究講義》 (recommended)
- 徐中舒《徐中舒论先秦史》 (recommended)
- 王力《中国古代文化尝试》 (recommended)
- 李学勤 主编《商史与商代文明》 (recommended)
- 李学勤 主编《西周史与西周文明》 (recommended)
- 李学勤 主编《春秋史与春秋文明》 (recommended)
- 李学勤 主编《战国史与战国文明》 (recommended)

What time will the live lessons be?

The "history" lecture will be on Tuesdays at 11am JST, and the "archeology" lecture will be on Thursdays at 6pm JST. You can watch either (or both) one live, or watch the recordings later.

Can I study at my own pace or do I have to take the course live?

Either way. We're conceiving it as a live course, but you don't need to feel pressured to keep pace.

Keep in mind that if you can't show up to the live session, you'll be able to watch the replay at any time. Many people don't show up for the live session, but just watch the replay at their own pace. That's totally fine! You'll get lifetime access to the course, so that's no problem.

What does "lifetime access" mean?

In practical terms, it means the course materials will be available online for as long as Outlier is in business. If we do ever go out of business or otherwise need to remove the course for any reason, we'll make the material available for you to download for a period of at least 6 months.

Can I get a refund if I decide the course isn't for me?

Yes! Our usual refund policy is "30 days from purchase," but since the course doesn't start until February 7, I'm extending the refund date to "the 7th of March." If you decide you don't like the course for whatever reason, just reach out by then and I'll be happy to refund you.

Will there be assignments or homework?

The assigments for each lesson will include a main reading from the textbook plus primary sources in translation. Supplemental (optional) readings will also be provided. Overall, about 30 pages of required reading on average per week, plus 20-50 pages of optional reading.

There will be two exams: a midterm and a final. We will not have assigned readings or lectures during those weeks.

Can we collaborate with other students or form study groups?

Definitely! The last time we launched a new course, there were nearly 250 students enrolled, so there should be plenty of students of all backgrounds and interests in this course too.

And sure, working together is no problem! We'll have a private online community where you can work together, ask questions, share notes, etc.

Demo Lesson

Your Instructor

John Renfroe
Co-founder, Outlier Linguistics

Before co-founding Outlier, John studied Linguistics and Paleography in the Graduate Institute of Chinese at National Taiwan Normal University. He co-founded and later ran the Taipei Classical Chinese Reading Group, a weekly reading group consisting mostly of graduate Sinology students from western universities. He also taught classical Chinese to members of the group who had no previous instruction in the language. His coursework and research focused on excavated Warring States bamboo texts, historical Chinese character morphology, and the Shuowen Jiezi 說文解字 and its commentaries and criticism.

Sign up now!

Full University-level Online Course, just $299
$199 using discount code 'first-cohort' at checkout!

★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Rated 4.8/5 by hundreds of Chinese learners